Evaluation of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Initiation, Adherence and Completion in Country of Georgia

Abstract

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is essential for preventing active tuberculosis (TB) but remains underutilized in Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In 2020, Georgia transitioned to a three-month Rifapentine-based regimen. This study assessed the LTBI care cascade among TB contacts in Georgia (2020–2021).

Methods: A mixed-method cohort study examined TPT recommendations and completion rates among contacts of active TB cases. Study was conducted in five TB-units of Georgia (National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NCTLD), Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli, Gori, Kutaisi).

Results: Among 611 contacts, 338 (55.3%) were female, and 83 (13.5%) were children under five. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) was recommended for 439 (74.5%), with 275 (65%) initiating treatment and 131 (47%) completing it. Six participants developed active tuberculosis later, who did not initiate tuberculosis preventive treatment.

Conclusions: LTBI treatment uptake in Georgia remains low, underscoring the need for improved monitoring and adherence strategies. High TB incidence in untreated contacts highlights the importance of preventive treatment.