Pharmacovigilance in Hospitals and Academia

Abstract

By according to the definition WHO - Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. Pharmacovigilance is an identifier of previously unrecognised or unnoted adverse events or changes in the patterns of the effects, the quality and adequacy of drug supply, and should enforce effective communication with the health-care professionals, and patients about the optimum safety and effective use of medications. Safety and efficacy are the two major concerns health-care professionals most take note of in any drug. National Centres have played a significant role in increasing public awareness of drug safety. As a result, pharmacovigilance is increasingly seen as more than a regulatory activity, having also a major part to play in clinical practice and the development of public health policy. In 2019 Uppsala Monitoring Centre unites 136 full members and 29 associate members. The Uppsala Monitoring Centre managed the international database of ADR reports received from National Centres. Adverse drug reactions are leading course of more than 100,000 deaths in the countries like United States annually. Regulators are creating different surveillance approaches to assess the risks of medicines in the post-market phase to enhance passive adverse drug reaction reporting systems that capture only one to ten percent of ADRs. Nowadays, we have results from many research projects that show as to need to introduce pharmacovigilance as an independent discipline in the curriculum of Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Public Health study programs. The expansion of scientific knowledge in drug safety is attributable to greater awareness and academic interest in this field. Academic part of pharmacology and pharmacy programs have played an important role through teaching, training, research, policy development, clinical research, ethics committees and the clinical services they provide. Pharmacology curricula should give a higher priority to the study of the safety of medicines. This would lead to an enhanced awareness of the balance between the benefits and harms of medicines. There are many issues: aggressive and inaccurate marketing and advertising, lack of accurate drug information, lack of consultations kills, lack of knowledge of clinical disciplines what are promotes the strengthening of the problem. Pharmacovigilance plays an important role in the rational use of medicines by providing information about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the general population. Knowledge of ADRs caused by drugs is important for effective treatment. Clinicians, pharmacists, house officers, nurses and other staff are encouraged to report ADRs to the National centre. Especially, hospital pharmacists can play a significant role in ADR reporting because the most serious adverse drug events occur in hospitals, and ADRs account for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions. Research and postgraduate training in the field of drug safety remains neglected by many schools of health sciences. The growing alliance between the industry and academia and drug regulatory authorities has implications for pharmacovigilance.